Mechanisms of action

11β-hydroxylase inhibitor 30S inhibitor (aminoglycoside) 30S inhibitor (tetracycline) 3CL protease inhibitor 5-alpha reductase inhibitor 5-HT1A agonist 5-HT1A antagonist 5-HT1A partial agonist 5-HT1B/1D agonist 5-HT1B/1D antagonist 5-HT1F agonist 5-HT2A agonist 5-HT2A antagonist 5-HT2A inverse agonist 5-HT2B agonist 5-HT2B antagonist 5-HT2C agonist 5-HT2C antagonist 5-HT2C partial agonist 5-HT3 agonist 5-HT3 antagonist 5-HT4 agonist 5-HT4 antagonist 5-HT4 partial agonist 5-HT5 agonist 5-HT5 antagonist 5-HT6 agonist 5-HT6 antagonist 5-HT7 agonist 5-HT7 antagonist 5-LOX inhibitor 50S ribosome inhibitor AADC inhibitor ACE inhibitor Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor AChE reactivator ACL inhibitor Acrolein binding (uroprotection) Activin ligand trap Adenosine A1 agonist Adenosine A1 antagonist Adenosine A1 antagonist (CBZ effect) Adenosine A2A agonist Adenosine A2A antagonist Adenosine A2B agonist Adenosine A3 agonist Adenosine reuptake inhibitor ADH antagonist (post-receptor, not a vaptan) ADH substrate Adhesion-blocking antibody Adrenocortical cytotoxic Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor ALDH inhibitor Aldosterone synthase inhibitor ALK inhibitor Alkalinizer Alpha-1 agonist Alpha-1 antagonist Alpha-2-delta modulator Alpha-2A agonist Alpha-2A antagonist Alpha-2B agonist Alpha-2B antagonist Alpha-2C agonist Alpha-2C antagonist Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor AMPA agonist AMPA receptor negative allosteric modulator AMPK activator Amylin agonist Androgen receptor agonist Androgen receptor antagonist Angiokinase inhibitor (VEGFR / FGFR / PDGFR) Antacid Anthracycline cardiotoxicity Anti-amyloid antibody Anti-angiogenic antibody Antifibrinolytic Antifoaming agent Antioxidant Antithrombin activator APEH inhibitor Arabinosyl transferase inhibitor Aromatase inhibitor Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase cofactor Arteriolar vasodilator Arthropod Nav opener ASIC blocker AT1 antagonist ATP synthase inhibitor B12 cofactor B2 bradykinin antagonist Bacterial DNA damaging agent Bacterial RNA polymerase inhibitor BChE inhibitor BCL-2 inhibitor BCR-ABL inhibitor BCR-ABL/SRC inhibitor Benzodiazepine-site antagonist Beta-1 agonist Beta-1 antagonist Beta-2 agonist Beta-2 antagonist Beta-3 agonist Beta-lactamase inhibitor Bile acid replacement Bile acid sequestrant Biotin cofactor: acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) Biotin cofactor: methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (MCC) Biotin cofactor: propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) Biotin cofactor: pyruvate carboxylase (PC) Bone-regulator antibody BRAF inhibitor BTK inhibitor Bulk-forming laxative Calcineurin inhibitor Calcitonin agonist Calcium repletion / membrane stabilization Capsid inhibitor Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Cardiac myosin inhibitor Carnitine sequestrant CaSR activator (calcimimetic) CB1 agonist CB1 inverse agonist CB1 NAM CB1 partial agonist CB2 agonist CB2 partial agonist CCR5 antagonist CDK4/6 inhibitor Cell wall inhibitor Cell-depleting antibody Central COX inhibitor Central muscle relaxant Cereblon modulator CFTR corrector CFTR potentiator CGRP antagonist Checkpoint inhibitor ClC-2 activator Clotting-factor repletion (4F-PCC) CMV terminase inhibitor CNS exposure CoA sequestrant Cobalamin sequestrant Coenzyme A: acetyl-CoA Coenzyme A: fatty-acid metabolism Collagen / tendon toxicity Complex I inhibitor COMT inhibitor Copper sequestrant COX-1 inhibitor COX-2 inhibitor CRF1 antagonist Cyanide sequestrant Cyanide sulfur donor CYP17A1 inhibitor CYP51 inhibitor CysLT1 antagonist Cytochrome bc1 inhibitor D1 agonist D1 antagonist D1 glutamate modulator D1 partial agonist D2 agonist D2 antagonist D2 partial agonist D3 agonist D3 antagonist D3 partial agonist D4 agonist D5 agonist D5 partial agonist Dabigatran sequestrant Delta-opioid agonist Delta-opioid antagonist DHFR inhibitor DHFR inhibitor (bacterial) DHFR inhibitor (protozoal) DHODH inhibitor DHP-1 inhibitor DHPS inhibitor Digoxin sequestrant Direct thrombin inhibitor Direct thrombin inhibitor (DTI) DNA alkylator DNA cross-linker DNA damage (nitroreduction) DNA gyrase inhibitor DNA strand-break inducer Dopamine releaser Dopamine reuptake inhibitor Dopamine β-hydroxylase cofactor DPP-4 inhibitor EGFR inhibitor ENaC blocker Endonuclease inhibitor Endothelin A receptor antagonist Enzyme inducer Enzyme inhibitor EP receptor agonist EPO receptor agonist Ergosterol pore former ERα agonist ERα antagonist ERβ agonist ERβ antagonist ERβ partial agonist Expectorant Factor Xa inhibitor Factor Xa reversal agent FAD cofactor: acyl-CoA dehydrogenases FAD cofactor: Complex II FAD cofactor: MAO FcRn antagonist FFA4 agonist FLT3 inhibitor FMN cofactor: Complex I FMN cofactor: oxidoreductases Folate depletion Folate repletion Formaldehyde releaser FPPS inhibitor Free radical scavenger Fungal ergosterol synthesis inhibitor Fungal microtubule inhibitor Fungal pyrimidine antimetabolite FXR agonist G-CSF agonist GABA transaminase cofactor GABA transaminase inhibitor GABA-A agonist GABA-A channel blocker GABA-A NAM GABA-A PAM GABA-B agonist GABA-C agonist GABA/glycine release inhibitor GAG layer repair Gamma-Glutamyl carboxylase cofactor Ganglionic blocker GAT-1 inhibitor GH receptor agonist GH receptor antagonist GHB agonist Ghrelin receptor agonist GHRH agonist GIP agonist GLP-1 agonist Glucagon receptor agonist Glucan synthase inhibitor Glucocorticoid agonist Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Glucocorticoid receptor modulator Glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor Glutamate decarboxylase cofactor Glutamate release inhibitor Glutamate-gated Cl channel agonist Glutathione depletion (CNS and renal) Glutathione repletion Glycine receptor agonist Glycine receptor antagonist Glycine receptor partial agonist GlyT1 inhibitor GnRH receptor agonist GnRH receptor antagonist gp120 attachment inhibitor GPER agonist GPER partial agonist GPR109A agonist GPR35 agonist GPR39 agonist GPR55 antagonist GSK-3beta inhibitor Guanylate cyclase C agonist H1 agonist H1 antagonist H2 agonist H2 antagonist H3 agonist H3 antagonist H4 agonist H4 antagonist HCN-1 channel blocker HCN1 PAM (channel opener) HCN4 blocker HDAC inhibitor Heavy metal sequestrant Helminth β-tubulin inhibitor Heme detoxification inhibitor Hemoglobin S modulator Heparin sequestrant Hepatic glutathione depletion Hepatotoxic metabolite HER2 inhibitor hERG blocker HIF-PH inhibitor Histidine decarboxylase cofactor HIV protease inhibitor I1 imidazoline agonist I2 imidazoline ligand IDH1/2 inhibitor IGF-1 GPE analogue Ile-tRNA synthetase inhibitor IMPDH inhibitor InhA inhibitor Injected collagenase Inositol monophosphatase inhibitor Insulin receptor agonist Integrase inhibitor Iron chelator Iron chelator (cardioprotection) Irreversible VMAT2 inhibitor JAK inhibitors JAK1 inhibitor JAK2 inhibitor JAK3 inhibitor JmjC histone demethylase cofactor Kainate agonist Kainate receptor negative allosteric modulator Kappa-opioid agonist Kappa-opioid antagonist Kappa-opioid partial agonist KATP blocker KATP opener (vascular) KATP opener (β-cell) KCNQ opener Keppra rage KIT/PDGFRA inhibitor KRAS G12C inhibitor Kv1 blocker L-type CCB Late Na current blocker Lead sequestrant Leptin receptor agonist LFA-1 antagonist Lipid peroxyl radical scavenger (chain-breaking antioxidant) Lipid sink sequestrant LPS membrane disruptor Lysosomal alkalinizer Lysyl hydroxylase cofactor Macromolecular biosynthesis inhibitor MAO-A inhibitor MAO-B inhibitor Mast cell stabilizer MC1R agonist MC2R agonist MC3R agonist MC4R agonist Mediator-neutralizing antibody MEK inhibitor Membrane depolarizer Membrane disruptor Membrane fluidity modulator MET inhibitor Metabolism & half-life Metal chelator Methionine synthase cofactor Methionine synthase methyl donor Methotrexate inactivation (enzymatic) Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase cofactor mGluR agonist mGluR antagonist Microtubule stabilizer Mineralocorticoid agonist Mineralocorticoid antagonist Motilin agonist MT1 agonist MT2 agonist mTOR inhibitor Mu-opioid agonist Mu-opioid antagonist Mu-opioid partial agonist Mucolytic Mucosal barrier Mucosal stimulant MurA inhibitor Muscarinic agonist Muscarinic antagonist Muscle nAChR agonist Muscle nAChR antagonist Myosin activator N-type CCB NAD: dehydrogenases NAD: PARP NAD: sirtuins NADPH: biosynthesis NADPH: reductases Nav spike-suppressor blocker Nav1.5 blocker Nav1.8 blocker Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase inhibitor NCC inhibitor Neprilysin inhibitor Neuraminidase inhibitor Neuronal nAChR agonist Neuronal nAChR allosteric potentiator (APL) Neuronal nAChR antagonist Neuronal nAChR partial agonist Neurotoxic metabolite NHE3 inhibitor Nitric oxide donor NK1 agonist NK1 antagonist NK3 antagonist NKCC1 inhibitor NKCC2 inhibitor NMDA agonist NMDA antagonist NMDA antagonist (anesthetic) NMDA glycine-site antagonist NMDA glycine-site co-agonist NMDA glycine-site partial co-agonist NMDA polyamine-site negative modulator NMDA receptor NAM nNOS inhibitor NNRTI (allosteric) Non-absorbed mu-opioid antagonist NOP agonist Norepinephrine releaser Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor NPC1L1 inhibitor NRF2 activator NRTI (chain terminator) NS3/4A protease inhibitor NS5A inhibitor NS5B non-nucleoside inhibitor NS5B nucleotide inhibitor Osmotic agent Osmotic laxative Osteoclast apoptosis inducer OX1 agonist OX1 antagonist OX2 agonist OX2 antagonist Oxytocin agonist Oxytocin antagonist P-CAB P2X agonist P2Y agonist P2Y12 antagonist PAF antagonist PAH activator Pancreatic enzyme replacement PARP inhibitor PBP inhibitor PCSK9 antibody PCSK9 inhibitor (non-antibody) PCSK9 siRNA PDE inhibitor PDE11 inhibitor PDE3 inhibitor PDE4 inhibitor PDE5 inhibitor PDE6 inhibitor Peripheral Nav blocker PGE1 agonist Phosphate binder Phosphate binder (+ iron) Phosphate binder (iron-based) Photosensitizer PI3K-delta inhibitor PKC inhibitor PLP cofactor Potassium binder Potassium repletion PPAR-alpha agonist PPAR-delta agonist PPAR-gamma agonist PPI Proconvulsant Progesterone receptor agonist Progesterone receptor antagonist Prolyl hydroxylase cofactor Prostacyclin IP receptor agonist Prostaglandin FP receptor agonist Prostamide agonist Proteasome inhibitor Psilocin prodrug PTH receptor agonist Purine synthesis inhibitor PXR agonist Pyridoxal kinase inhibitor Pyridoxine sequestrant Pyrophosphate-site inhibitor QT prolongation RAR agonist RdRp inhibitor Receptor-blocking antibody Recombinant urate oxidase Renin inhibitor RET inhibitor RET/VEGFR inhibitor Reverse transcriptase inhibitor Reversible VMAT2 inhibitor Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor ROCK inhibitor Rocuronium sequestrant RXR agonist RyR1 blocker S1P agonist Selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) Serine hydroxymethyltransferase cofactor Serotonin releaser Serotonin reuptake inhibitor sGC activator (NO) sGC stimulator SGLT1 inhibitor SGLT2 inhibitor Sigma-1 agonist Sigma-1 antagonist Sigma-2 agonist Sigma-2 antagonist Silver ion antimicrobial SMO antagonist SNARE-mediated ACh release inhibitor Sodium-lowering Somatostatin receptor agonist Spinal reflex inhibitor Squalene epoxidase inhibitor SSADH inhibitor Statin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) Stool softener Stretch receptor anesthetic SV2A modulator SYK inhibitor T-cell engager T-type CCB TAAR1 agonist TET DNA demethylase cofactor TGF-beta inhibitor Thallium/cesium sequestrant THR-α agonist THR-β agonist Thrombolytic Thymidylate synthase inhibitor Tissue-selective ERα partial agonist TNF decoy receptor Topoisomerase I inhibitor Topoisomerase II inhibitor Toxin sequestrant TPO inhibitor TPO receptor agonist TPP cofactor: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase TPP cofactor: branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase TPP cofactor: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) TPP cofactor: transketolase TRPC6 agonist TRPM8 agonist TRPV1 agonist TTR silencer (siRNA) TTR stabilizer Tubulin inhibitor TYK2 inhibitor Type I interferon (IFNAR) agonist UL97 kinase inhibitor Unknown target URAT1 inhibitor Urinary analgesic Urothelial toxicity (acrolein) V1 agonist V1 antagonist V1a antagonist V2 agonist V2 vasopressin antagonist V3 agonist VEGF decoy receptor (VEGF trap) VEGFR inhibitor Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor Virus-neutralizing antibody Vitamin D receptor agonist VKORC1 inhibitor VMAT2 substrate (vesicular release) Xanthine oxidase inhibitor Y1 agonist Y2 agonist