GLP-1 agonist
GLP-1 receptor agonist
- Glucose-dependent insulin release
- ↓ glucagon
- Delays gastric emptying and suppresses appetite → weight loss
- Nausea reflects the same gastric/satiety mechanism
- Glucose-dependent insulin release — low hypoglycemia risk alone
- Delayed gastric emptying and reduced appetite
- ➔ nausea is the dose-limiting effect
- Substantial weight loss
Drugs with this mechanism (14)
- Dulaglutide — Weekly GLP-1 agonist for type 2 diabetes.
- Exenatide — The first GLP-1 agonist; derived from Gila monster venom.
- GLP-1 (7-36) — Gut incretin behind every GLP-1 agonist; DPP-4 clears it in about two minutes.
- Liraglutide — Daily GLP-1 agonist for diabetes and obesity.
- Liraglutide (obesity) — GLP-1 agonist formulated for chronic weight management; weight returns after stopping.
- Lixisenatide — Short-acting prandial GLP-1 agonist; mostly seen paired with insulin glargine.
- Orforglipron — First small-molecule oral GLP-1 agonist with no food or water timing restriction.
- Retatrutide — Investigational triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon agonist for obesity.
- Semaglutide — GLP-1 agonist spanning diabetes and obesity; major weight loss and cardiovascular benefit.
- Semaglutide oral — Oral GLP-1 agonist for type 2 diabetes; strict fasting administration governs absorption.
- Semaglutide (obesity) — Obesity-labeled GLP-1 injection; substantial weight loss with cardiovascular benefit.
- Semaglutide oral (obesity) — Oral GLP-1 weight treatment; avoids injections but demands strict administration.
- Tirzepatide — Dual GIP/GLP-1 agonist for diabetes and obesity; exceptional glucose and weight effects.
- Tirzepatide (obesity) — Dual GIP/GLP-1 weight-loss drug; also treats obesity-related sleep apnea.
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